Propelling ships.



'N 0 .,v 822,732. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

' A. (GAMBIN.

PROPELLING SHIPS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 30,190b.

l) are respectively a side elevation w e. Y" T m s a) lililEl; lallfh'iidri @FFTUE.

ANDRE GAMBIN, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDRE GAMBIN, a citizen of the ltepublic of France,residing in Paris, nrance. us

lul

of the ship in the direction of her axis, the-- relnainder producesmovements in the surrounding fluid which are at variancewith. themovement sought. p

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are. diagrams showing thecomposition and resolution of the force operating. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 4 a plan of a ship providedwith. a propeller embodying the present invention. Figs. 5 and v and anend view of the same on an enlarged scale. Fig. 7 is a plan of anotherpropeller embodying the invention.

The maximum axial progression for a given power expended is obtainedwith a blade inclined at forty-live degrees, since if F be thegenerating force we have, as a fac (see Fig. l,)f= cos :c, R =1 sin 1:,and by sub stitution R =F sin 20 cos cc. R is consequently a maximum forfortyoive degrees,

F n which case j one it VIZ substitution R but as this force acts upon Itwo masses each of which is movable it may be taken that the forceavailable for propelling each only so that this is the force causing theship to move, provided that she, and therefore the screw, does notsuffer any displacement. As this displacement is inrev itable, forceproducing the movement 'i sought is really less than This force hasSpecification of Letters Patent. Application filed January 30. 1905.Serial No. 243,394.

Patented June 5, 1906.

tors to make an ovoid form follow in the-Wake of the screw to fill upthe void, (these last two phenomena evidently limiting the effectivemaximum revolutions of the propeller,) and, fifth, the total backsuction of the whole mass of theship.v To obviate these inconveniences,

l propose a special propeller placed in front of. the ship and drawingthe latter in its wake. This ropellcr is carried by a horizontal shaft,whic may be driven by any motor, preferably "a turbine.

The propeller comprises an extension of the horizontal shaft on passingaxially throu h a cone b whose base covers the front of t e ship andwhose height is equal to the perimeter of the base. This cone carries aheli- -coid surface 0 at an angle'offorty-five degrees with the axis ofthe cone and therefore of a pitch equal to the height ofthe cone. This.helicoidsurface is prolonged to make a spire beyond the summit of thecone, and the contour of the prolongation is contained by a second conee having the same base as the first, but of double the height. Thus thehelicoid surface, which is formed with a concave face turned toward theapex of the longer cone, comprises exactly two spires.

The surface of the outer cone only exists in rear of the first spire ofthe helicoid surface,

oeing cut away in advance thereof to expose M surface of the inner cone.The second sp "*e of the helicoid surface is a continuation of the firstand is fixed to the extension of the shaft c. Thus while the first spireconsists solely of a concave surface turned toward the apex of the conethe second has a concave front surface and a convex rear surface foraction on the fluid.

The propeller is rotated in the direction which tends to produce avacuum in front of the screw, upon which, in conjunction with the boringaction of the screw, the propulj f.

sion of the ship depends. The latter is preferably completely submerged.

Representing Fig. 2 by mm the surface of the fluid and by n n thehelicoid surface at rest, when the latter has rotated to a position it na force 8, due to suction, is pro duced, which may be resolved intocomponents-viz., f arallel to the blade and therefore of no e ect, and fperpendicular to the blade. The latter may be 'resolved in its turn intotwo other components-viz.,.f", directly opposed in action to thegenerating forcothat is to say, to the rotating force of the apparatus,and therefore directly supintermediary extension. tutes a semlsubmarinetype with which one pressed, and R, the sole force able to exert itsaction freely and ca )able of producing the axial displacement 0 theapparatus equal to the circular direction of the ,disk of the helicoid,since the blade is inclined at fortythe actual means of propelling theship, and,

the pressure on the bow may be entirely eliminated by constructing thehull so that its outline is, as it were, an extension of the conicalpropeller. Moreover, the bow may be caused to enter the cone, tlluriaiding to support the latter. There remain then only the skin frictionand the back suction due to the whole mess, and to obviate these lastanamed inconveniences, if it is desired to have a perfect ship, wherespeed. shall be the essential point, an outline for the ship should be.chosen approximately following the graphical representation of thecentripetal reaction under the influence of the pressure of" thesuperincumbent fluid after the passage of the propeller, for it can bereadily imagined that there will be back suction if the shi is.

displaced by the whole of her length in. ess time than is necessary forthe centripetal re action to fill up the void produced after the passageof the propeller, while there will be skin friction in the contrarycase. If, then, the fluid requires a time to pass from the periphery ofits maximum displacement to the center under the centripetal reaction,the ship g must have the form of a cone, (or of a cone surmounting anovoid to allow for the centrifugal action prolonged beyond the base ofthe propeller,) having a base equal to the said displacement and ofheight equal to the pitch of the helicoid multiplied by the number ofrevolutions in the given time. This cone as well as the propeller arecompletely submerged, but the cone 9 may be surmounted by an elongatedupper deck h emerging from the water and containing the crew and thepassengers. in this case the surface of the propeller may be increasedto.

set off "against the resistance of this upper deck hfor example, bybounding it by the director cylinder or cylindrical envelop in stead ofthe exterior cone or by giving it an The whole constican certainlyobtain the best nautical speed:

This propeller is evidently as well suited for aeria traction as fornautical traction and may receive other applications. It may constitutea very advantageous propeller for a torpedo.

The propeller may be ballasted or 'fects an ceases contain suitablespaces to give it buoyancy in the surrounding fluid, so as to relievethe strain on the propeller-shaft. The space between the propeller andthe bow of the ship may serve as an exhaust-chamber for the engines,there being here a diminished pressure result ot the rotation of thepropeller. he propeller thus produces all the useful ef no other, andbeyond the work necessary for the centrifugal displacement theresistances to be overcome are practically reduced to the internalfriction oi the engine.

To increase the steering power and to facil itate manoeuvering, shipsprovided with this propeller may have twin. screws i in the usual mannerof pitch forty five degrees, which in full way really act as screws,which cannot besaid of the screws similarly used at present. To simplifythe construction of this proeller, the two surfaces of the helicoid maye constituted by a single blade constructed as an Archimedean screw of asingle spire or an angular or logarithmic screw of Pascal or a similarspiral. The concave side of this curve will trace the pneumatic surface,while the convex side will trace the centrifugal surface. This bladewill be suitably cut away to assure its greater stability, whilekeepiilg it suthciently extended to provide a suction- V Surfaceproportional to the resistance created by the upper deckiandothersuperstructures.

outside the essential com-ovoid form of the ship. On the other hand, thescrew propulsion may be combined with the suction propulsion by fittingto the external outline of this new propeller another helicoid blade,making a salient angle (greater than two right angles) with the concaveface and a reentrant angle (less than two right angles) with the convexface, or by terminating the base of the propeller by a circular ringsurmounted by helicoidal wings, like a worm gear-wheel, having helicoidteeth. (See Fig.7 Having thus described the nature of my said inventionand the best means I know of carrying the same into practical effect, Icl aim- 1. A propeller for nautical and aerial l0comotion comprising ashaft, a cone on thesaid shaft, a helicoid surface mounted on the saidcone and continued on the said shaft.v

2. A propeller for nautical and aerial locomotion, comprising a shaft(1/, a cone 6 on said shaft, and a h'elicoid 02 passing around thecone 1) and around the shaft c beyond the apex of the cone.

3. A propeller for nautical and aerial locomotion comprising a shaft, acone on the said shaft, a helicoid surface on the said cone, acontinuation of the said helical surface on the said shaft, the saidcontinuation being oi?v such form that its outline touches the outlineof an imaginary cone having the same base as the first-named cone.

4-. A propeller for nautical and aerial locomotion comprising a cone ofheight equal to the perimeter of its base, a shaft eX'tendinhorizontally-from the bow of the ship an carrying the said cone, ahelieoid surface on the said cone at an angle of forty-five degrees inthe outline of a second cone having the same base as and double theheight of the first-named cone, the said second cone being"v cut awayexcept tothe rear of the firstna-Ined helicoid surface, and both thesaid helicoid surfaces being concave on the side turned toward. the a exof the said second cone and convex on t e opposite side.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 13th day ofJanuary, 1905, in

the presence of two subscribing witnesses. ANDRE GAMBIN. Witnesses:

MARGEL ARMENGAUD, Jeune, C. G. BURBEZAT.

